Football Rules for Player Safety

Football Rules for Player Safety

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Because football is a full contact and dangerous sport, many rules are made to keep the players as safe from injury as possible. Violations and rules that involve the safety of players are listed below.

Tackling Penalties

Tripping (10 yards) - Players are not allowed to stick out their leg in order to trip another player.

Running into the kicker (5 yards) - A penalty called to protect the kicker from getting injured while kicking. Depending on the severity of the hit, the referee may also call roughing the kicker, which is a 15 yard penalty. Note: if the defender touches or blocks the ball, then the penalty is not called. Also, if the player is blocked into the kicker by an offensive player, then the penalty should not be called.


Fair catch interference (15 yards) - Once a player calls for a fair catch on a punt return, the defenders may not touch him or the ball unless the ball touches the ground.


Spearing with the helmet (15 yards) - Players are not allowed to hit another with the top of their helmet. This especially applies to a quarterback throwing a pass, a receiver while catching a ball, a player on the ground, or a player already being tackled. A helmet on helmet hit is also illegal and can result in other penalties such as suspension or fines.


Roughing the passer (15 yards, automatic first down) - Since the quarterback is unable to protect himself while throwing the ball, there are rules about how the defenders can hit him. They cannot hit at his knees or at his head. They aren't supposed to drive him into the ground or slam him down. This is up to the referee and a lot of emphasis has been placed on keeping these star players from injury.

Piling on (15 yards, automatic first down) - Once a ball carrier is down, other players may not jump onto him late or with too much force. If the referee determines the player used excessive force, then it is a 15 yard penalty and automatic first down.

Face mask (15 yards) - You are not allowed to twist or pull on another players face mask. This is usually called when the face mask is grabbed during a tackle.

Roughing the kicker (15 yards, automatic first down) - When trying to block a punt or field goal, the defender cannot touch the kicker. Depending on the severity of the hit, the referee may call roughing for 15 yards or running into the kicker for 5 yards. Running into the kicker is not an automatic first down. This doesn't count if the defensive player touches or blocks the ball or if they are blocked into the kicker by an offensive player.


Blocking Penalties

Clipping below the waist (15 yards) - This occurs when a player blocks below the waist from behind. This can cause injury when the player "rolls up" onto the players legs.

Chop block (15 yards) - One player is not allowed to block the defender below the thigh at the same time that another player is blocking the defender up high.

Illegal crackback block (15 yards) - This is to prevent players in the backfield or wide receivers from coming into the tackle box area around the line of scrimmage and blocking a player from behind.

Other Penalties


Unsportsmanlike conduct (15 yards) - This includes acts that are considered by the referee to be unsportsmanlike. It could include bad language, threatening gestures, arguing with the officials, or fighting.

Unnecessary roughness (15 yards) - Anytime that the referee feels that one player is trying to injure another, he may make this call. This includes tackling a player that is out of bounds or hitting a player that is already down.

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Football Violations and Rules During a Play

Football Violations and Rules During a Play

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Offensive Violations

Helping the runner (10 yards) - Anytime an offensive player tries to help push or move the ball carrier once he is being held by the defense.

Ineligible player downfield during a pass (5 yards) - Only certain players are eligible for a pass during a play, such as the running backs, wide receivers, and tight ends. If a non-eligible player, typically an offensive lineman, is more than two yards downfield during a pass play, it will result in a penalty.

Offensive pass interference (10 yards) - Pass interference can be called on both the offense and the defense. Each player has the right to go after the ball and he cannot make contact, like pushing, before the ball arrives. This is a 10 yard penalty when the offensive player does it.


Holding or illegal use of the hands by the offense (10 yards) - One of the key rules to football is that blockers can't hold on or use their hands to grab defensive players. This is what makes blocking difficult and gives the defense a chance to get to the ball carrier. If an offensive lineman or blocker grabs, pulls, or tackles a defender, they will get called for holding.


Intentional grounding (10 yards, loss of down) - This is called when the quarterback throws a pass to an area without a receiver in order to avoid being sacked. In the case where the quarterback is outside of the tackle box (the area between the two tackles) he can purposely throw the ball out of bounds as long as it goes beyond the line of scrimmage. In this case he will not be called for grounding.

Defensive Violations

Defensive holding (5 yards, automatic first down) - A defensive player may not tackle, hold, or throw down an offensive player other than the ball carrier. This penalty is often called on defensive backs who impede the progress of a receiver. If they do this before the ball is thrown, a holding penalty is called. If the ball is in the air, then pass interference is called.

Illegal contact (5 yards) - Once a receiver is 5 yards beyond the line of scrimmage, the defensive player may not block or "chuck" him to disrupt his route. Inside the 5 yards the defender may block the receiver, but not hold him.


Pass interference by the defense (at the spot of the penalty) - When the ball is in the air, each player has an equal right to go after the ball. They cannot impede their opponent from getting to the ball. Pass interference is often called on a safety or cornerback for grabbing a receiver or hitting a receiver just before the ball arrives. The result is an automatic first down and the team gets the ball at the point of the penalty (note: in college and high school it is a 15 yard penalty).

Special Teams Violations


Ineligible player downfield during a punt (5 yards) - With the exception of the two players on the end, the rest of the offensive players must stay on the line of scrimmage until the ball is kicked. If they move downfield before the ball is kicked, it will be a 5 yard penalty.

Kickoff out of bounds (5 yards) - If the kickoff goes out of bounds (not in the end zone) and no one touches it, they get a 5 yard penalty and have to re-kick. If this happens a second time, the receiving team may accept the ball 30 yards from where the ball was kicked or at the point where the ball went out of bounds.

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Football Pre-Snap Violations and Rules

Football Pre-Snap Violations and Rules

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Encroachment, Offside, and Neutral Zone Defensive Infractions

Are these the same thing? To the casual observer these three penalties look very much alike, but they are slightly different. They all have to do with the defensive player crossing the line of scrimmage. See below for details.


Offside (5 yards) - Offside is when part of the defensive player's body is over the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped.

Encroachment (5 yards) - Encroachment is when a defensive player crosses the line of scrimmage before the snap and makes contact with an offensive player.

Neutral zone infraction (5 yards) - A neutral zone infraction is when a defensive player crosses the line of scrimmage prior to the snap and then causes an offensive player to move. Rather than call a false start on the offense, the penalty is called on the defensive player.

Offensive Penalties

Illegal formation (5 yards) - The offense must have 7 players lined up on the line of scrimmage. Players not on the line of scrimmage must be at least 1 yard back.

False start (5 yards) - Offensive players must remain set prior to the snap. Any movement, other than the player in motion, will result in a false start.

Too many men in motion (5 yards) - Two players cannot be in motion at the same time.


Illegal motion (5 yards) - Only players in the backfield can go into motion. Once in motion they must either only move parallel to the line of scrimmage or be set prior to the snap. They cannot be moving toward the line of scrimmage when the ball is snapped.


Delay of game (5 yards) - When the offensive team does not snap the ball before the play clock has expired, they will be given a delay of game penalty. This is a five yards. The play clock is either 40 seconds or 25 seconds long. In the case where play is continuing from a previous play, they have 40 seconds from the end of the previous play. In the case where play has stopped, like with a time out, then they have 25 seconds from when the referee says the ball is ready.

Offense or Defense

Too many players on the field (5 yards) - Each team may only have 11 players on the field when the ball is snapped. This play results in an automatic first down for the offense when the defense has too many players.

Illegal substitution (5 yards) - This is typically called when the offensive team breaks the huddle with 12 players. Even if one of them is running off the field, you cannot break the huddle with 12 players.

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Football Officials and Refs

Football Officials and Refs

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In order to keep order and see that the rules are followed, most leagues have officials who run the game. The number of officials is different for different leagues. College football and the NFL use seven different officials to monitor the game. In high school football there are generally five officials, while youth leagues and middle school will typically use three officials at a game.

Each official has a specific position and responsibilities during the game:

Positions of the different officials

• R - Referee
• U - Umpire
• HL - Head Linesman
• LJ - Line Judge
• F - Field Judge
• B - Back Judge
• S - Side Judge

Referee (R)

The referee is the leader of the officials and makes the final decision on any call. He wears a white hat while the other officials wear black hats.

Position: The referee stands behind the offensive team.

Responsibilities:

• Counts the number of offensive players.
• Watches the quarterback during pass plays.
• Watches the running back during running plays.
• Watches the kicker and holder during kicking plays.
• Makes any announcements during the game like penalties or other clarifications.

Umpire (U)

Position: The umpire traditionally stands behind the linebackers on the defensive side of the ball. Due to many injuries in the NFL, NFL umpires stand on the offensive side of the football except when the ball is inside the five yard line and during the last two minutes of the first half and the last five minutes of the second half.

Responsibilities:

• Counts the number of offensive players.
• Watches the line of scrimmage for holding, illegal blocks, or other penalties.
• Looks for illegal players downfield.
• Watches the quarterback for passes beyond the line of scrimmage.
• Keeps track of scoring and time outs.

Head Linesman (HL)

Position: At the sideline on the line of scrimmage.

Responsibilities:

• Watches for offside or encroachment.
• Makes out of bounds calls on his sideline.
• Marks the forward progress of the ball.
• Is in charge of the chain crew and the current position of the ball.
• Keeps track of eligible receivers.

Line Judge (LJ)

Position: Covers the opposite sideline from the head linesman.

Responsibilities:

• Similar to the head linesman, he rules on out of bounds plays for his sideline.
• He also helps with offside, encroachment, false start, and other line of scrimmage calls.
• In high school the line judge is the official timekeeper of the game. In the NFL he is the backup time keeper if something happens to the clock.

Field Judge (F)

Position: Deep down the field behind the secondary on the side of the line judge.

Responsibilities:

• Counts the number of players on defense.
• Rules on pass interference or holding downfield.
• Calls delay of game.
• Rules on completed passes.

Side Judge (S)

Position: Deep down the field on the opposite side from the field judge.

Responsibilities:

• Similar to the field judge, just covering the opposite side of the field.

Back Judge (B)

Position: Covers the area between the field judge and the line judge. Behind the secondary in the middle of the field.

Responsibilities:

• Counts the number of players on defense.
• Rules on pass interference of holding downfield in the area between the side and field judges.
• Calls delay of game.
• Rules on completed passes.
• Rules on whether field goals are good.

Equipment

Flag: The main equipment used by the officials is the yellow flag. When the official sees a penalty they throw a yellow flag so the players, coaches, fans, and other officials know there has been a penalty. If the official sees another penalty after throwing the flag, they can throw their bean bag or hat.

Whistle: Officials blow a whistle to indicate that a play is over and the players should stop.

Uniform: Officials wear a black and white striped shirt and white pants.

Bean Bag: The bean bag is thrown to mark where a punt was caught or a fumble recovered.

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Football Referee Signals

Football Referee Signals

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There are a lot of different signals that football officials use in the game. It can get confusing. This is a list of the different football referee hand signals and what they mean. The specific rules below are described in more detail on other pages (see links at bottom of page).

Football Official
Violations Signals

Holding or illegal use of hands Offside or encroachment False start by the offense Clipping Personal Foul Roughing the Passer

Delay of game Facemask Intentional grounding by the quarterback Illegal block in the back Pass interference Roughing the kicker Unsportsmanlike Conduct

Referee Football Scoring Signals

Touchdown, field goal, or extra point scored

Safety scored

Other Referee Signals

First Down

30 Second Time out (also illegal touching)

* referee signal pictures from the NFHS

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Football Equipment

Football Equipment

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The Football

The main piece of equipment for football is the ball. It's a funny oblong spheroid shape. This unique shape helps the ball to travel well when thrown with a spiral and is part of what makes the sport so interesting.

All major levels of play including the NFL, college, and high school use a similar size football. It is around 11 inches long with a circumference of around 21 inches at the width. It weighs between 14 and 15 ounces. Smaller balls are available for younger kids. These can be helpful, especially for learning how to throw the ball at a younger age.

The football has the nickname "pigskin" because it used to be made out of pigs bladders. Today footballs are mostly made from cow leather or synthetic materials.

Helmet

Perhaps the most important piece of equipment is the helmet. Football can be a dangerous sport and all players should wear a helmet at all times. The helmet provides padding and a hard exterior to protect the player's head from injury.

Across the front of the helmet is the face mask. This helps protect the player's face and eyes while letting the player see the field.

Often attached to the helmet is a mouth guard. This is another protective item that should be worn while playing football to protect your teeth.

Pads

All football players need to wear pads. The thickness and type of pads may vary depending on the position played. Pads and protection that should be worn include shoulder pads, collar pads, hip pads, thigh pads, knee pads, neck rolls, athletic supporter, rib pads, forearm pads, and tailbone pads.

You should work with your parents and coaches to best determine what pads and type of pads you should wear. It can be tempting to avoid certain pads in an attempt to be lighter or more flexible, but you won't be a very good player if you are on the sidelines injured.

Uniform

The football uniform includes the helmet, a jersey, and pants. Sometimes these can be very colorful and many teams change up the colors and styles of uniforms throughout the season.

Numbers

Each player has a number on their jersey to help the fans and officials recognize players. In the NFL certain positions must have a number within a certain range. For example, a quarterback must have a number between 1 and 19. Here is a list of the numbers and positions:

• 1-9: Quarterback, kicker, punter
• 10-19: Quarterback, wide receiver, kicker, punter
• 20-29: Running back, corner back, safety
• 30-39: Running back, cornerback, safety
• 40-49: Running back, tight end, cornerback, safety
• 50-59: Offensive line, defensive line, line backer
• 60-69: Offensive line, defensive line
• 70-79: Offensive line, defensive line
• 80-89: Wide receiver, tight end
• 90-99: Defensive line, line backer

Cleats

Football players wear cleats for shoes. Linemen often wear high top cleats for the most ankle protection, while wide receivers, quarterbacks, and running backs will wear mid-top cleats for some ankle protection, but more maneuverability.

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Table of Contents

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Football Down

The Football Down

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What is a football down?

One of the most important concepts in the game of football is the down. A down is really another name for play. On each down a play is made.

Downs are shown by markers on the sidelines

There are 4 Downs

The offensive team has 4 downs or plays to either score or gain 10 yards. If the team gains 10 yards, then the downs start over. If they don't gain 10 yards, after the fourth try, the opposing team gets possession of the football at the spot of the tackle.

Each down is called by its name or number: First, second, third, and fourth down.

Playing Each Down

To start the down the football is hiked from the center the quarterback. From there, the quarterback can run with the football, hand it off to another player like a running back, or throw the ball to another player like a wide receiver.

The down or play is over once the player with the football is tackled, goes out of bounds, or one team scores. The next play or down will start from the point where the player was tackled or went out of bounds.

Fourth Down

Fourth down is the offensive team's last attempt to try and gain 10 yards. If they don't get to the 10 yards mark, then the other team gets the football. There are a few options:

Go For It: A football team can choose to play a regular play on fourth down and try to gain the 10 yards. If they don't, then the other team gets the ball at the spot of the tackle. In some cases this could give them really good field position.

Kick a Field Goal: If they are close enough, a football team will try and kick a field goal and gain three points. If they miss, the other team gets the football at the point where the ball was spotted on fourth down.

Punt: In many cases a football team will choose to punt. They kick the ball as far as they can down field to the other team and then try to tackle the player who catches the ball. By punting the team gives up the ball, but they gain field position.

Speaking the Lingo

When downs are described the number of the down is followed by how many yards are left to go. So the typical first down will be described as "first and ten". This means it is first down and there are 10 yards to go to get the next first down. When someone says "fourth and 1", this means its fourth down and there is 1 yard to go to get another first down.

Referee signals for downs

The referee signals first down by pointing with his right arm toward the defensive team's goal.

The referee signals fourth down by raising one arm above his head with his hand in a fist.

* referee signal pictures from the NFHS

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Football Timing and the Clock

Football Timing and the Clock

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How long is a football game?

Football games are divided up into two halves or four quarters. In high school each quarter is 12 minutes long while in the NFL and college each quarter is 15 minutes long. The clock doesn't run all of the time, however. It gets stopped for time outs and between certain plays.

Each half is started with a kick off, and the football teams change sides at the end of each quarter.

When does the clock stop in football?

The clock stops in football for a number of reasons:

• During timeouts
• At the end of a quarter
• When a ball carrier runs out of bounds
• On a penalty
• When a player is injured
• When a team scores
• When the ball changes possession
• After a play ending in an incomplete pass
• When the officials need to measure for a first down
• In college and high school the play clock also stops when a team gets a first down. This changes a lot of strategy at the end of games versus the NFL.
• In the NFL the clock is stopped for the Two Minute Warning. This is like a time out with two minutes in the game left.

Football Clock Strategy

Because the clock stops on certain kinds of plays, this means football teams use different strategies depending on the score and the amount of time left. At the end of the game or the half, one team will be trying to score. They may try to run the football out of bounds or run pass plays where the clock will stop between plays rather than keep running. They will also try to use less time when setting up for plays and use their timeouts at critical times to stop the clock. This speed-up offense is often called the Two Minute Offense.

Meanwhile the other team will be trying to "run-out" the clock. They may run the football a lot or try to tackle the other team in-bounds to try and keep the clock running.

What are the 25 and 40 second play clocks?

The offensive team only has so long to hike the football and start another play. In the case where play is continuing, they have 40 seconds from the end of the previous play to start a new play. If play has stopped, like for a timeout, then they have 25 seconds from the time the referee sets the ball and starts the play clock.

Referee Clock and Timing Signals

• Timeout - A timeout is signaled by the referee waving his arms above his head.
• Clock not Stopping - The referee can signal that the clock isn't stopping by moving his arm in a wide circle in the clockwise direction.
• Delay of Game - If the play clock goes to zero before the offensive team starts a play, the referee will signal delay of game by folding his arms in front of him.
• Reset Play Clock - To start the 25 second clock the referee will hold his right hand in the air, open palm out and pump his arm to signal the clock starting. He will use both arms to signal the 40 second clock is starting.

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Football Field

The Football Field

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Football is played on a field. Most of the time the field is grass, but sometimes fake grass called artificial turf is used. Because the lines on the field look like a grid, the nickname for the field is the "gridiron".

Football field dimensions Click to see larger version

Dimensions

The main playing area of the field is 100 yards (300 feet) long by 53 1/3 yards (160 feet) wide.

End Zones

At each end of the field is an end zone. This area extends the field another 10 yards on each side. The line between the field and the end zone is the goal line. In order to score a touchdown some portion of the ball must cross the goal line in the possession of an offensive player.

Play outside the lines of the end zone is considered out of bounds.

Yard Lines

Every five yards a line crosses the field. Each 10 yards this line is marked with a yardage number. At the center of the field is the 50 yard line. In each direction from the 50 yard line to the end zone, the yard line decreases the closer you get to the end zone.

Hash Marks

Hash marks are small lines made every yard on the field. These lines help to spot the ball on the field and give an indication of the distance left to achieve a first down.

Field Goal

At the end of the end zone and centered on the field is the field goal. The bottom of the field goal is 10 feet high. In the NFL and college the posts are 18 feet 6 inches wide. In high school the posts are 23 feet 4 inches wide.

Side Lines

The side lines are considered out of bounds. If any part of the player touches the line, then they are out of bounds.

Goal Line

The goal line is the line between the playing field and the end zone.

End Line

The end line is the line at the back of the end zone.

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Football Scoring

Football Scoring

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In football there are a few ways to score. Most of the scoring is done by field goals and touchdowns. Here is a list of the types of scores possible:

• Touchdown - 6 points
• Extra point - 1 point
• Two point conversion - 2 points
• Field Goal - 3 points
• Safety - 2 points

More details on football scoring:

Touchdown - 6 points

Touchdowns are the primary goal in football and they score the most points. Players score a touchdown when they advance the ball across the other team's goal line into the end zone. Players must have possession of the football and it must "break the plane" of the goal line. Once the ball has broken the plane on a run, then a touchdown is scored and what happens afterwards doesn't matter.

After scoring a touchdown the offensive football team is also awarded the chance for an extra point or two point conversion.

Extra point - 1 point

An extra point can be attempted after a touchdown. The ball is placed on the 2 yard line (NFL) or 3 yard line (college) and the team attempts a play to kick the ball through the uprights. If they make it, they get 1 point. This is sometimes called a PAT or Point After Touchdown.

Two point conversion - 2 points

A two point conversion can be attempted after a touchdown. Like with the extra point, the ball is placed on the 2 yard line (NFL) or 3 yard line (college). In this case the team tries to advance the ball across the goal line like with a touchdown. They get 1 attempt. If they can advance the football across the goal, they get 2 points.

This is considered more difficult and risky versus the extra point. Most teams attempt the extra point until late in the game. If they really need 2 points, then they will take the chance.

Field Goal - 3 points

A field goal is when the place kicker kicks the ball through the uprights. It can be attempted at any time, but is usually attempted on fourth down with the football inside the opponent's 35 yard line.

In order to figure the length of a field goal, you have to add 10 yards for the distance of the End Zone and another 7 yards for the snap of the ball back to the holder to the line of scrimmage. This means you add 17 yards to the line of scrimmage marker to get the field goal length. For example, if the football is on the 30 yard line, it would be a 47 yard field goal attempt.

Safety - 2 points

A safety occurs when the defense tackles an offensive player behind their goal line. A safety is also awarded if a dropped or blocked punt goes through the kicking team's end zone. Sometimes a safety is awarded in the case of a penalty on the offensive football team in the end zone such as holding.

Referee Signals for Scoring

To signal a touchdown, extra point, two point conversion, and field goal, the referee raises both arms straight into the air. Touchdown!

To signal a safety, the referee puts his palms together above his head.

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Football Roles

Football Roles

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The rules of football can be complex and vary depending on the level of play. We will cover some of the basics here including the field, players, offense, defense, and penalties.

Football Field

The football field is 120 yards long and 53 ½ yards wide. At each end of the field and 100 yards apart are the goal lines. The additional 10 yards at each end is the end zone. The field is divided up every 5 yards by a yard line. The middle yard line marker is called the 50 yard line. In parallel to the side lines are rows of hash marks. The football is always placed on or between the hash marks at the start of each play. This ensures that the teams have space to line up on both sides of the football. The position of the football that defines the sides of the ball is called the "line of scrimmage".

There are also goal posts at the back of each football end zone. One way to score is to kick the football through the goal posts. The ball must go between the uprights and over the crossbar.

If any part of a player with the football touches outside the side lines or the end zone it is considered Out of Bounds.

Game Format

Football is a timed sport. The team with the most points at the end of the time period, wins the game. The game is divided up into 4 periods or quarters with a long "half time" between the second and third quarter. Time is counted while plays are running and sometimes between plays (i.e. time continues after a running play where the player was tackled in bounds, but stops on an incomplete pass). To keep the game going at a good pace the offense has a limited time (called the play clock) between plays.

Football Players

The rules in football allow each team to have eleven players on the field at a time. Teams may substitute players between plays with no restrictions. Each team must start a play on their side of the ball.

The defensive players may take any position they want and can move about their side of the football prior to the play without restriction. Although there are certain defensive positions that have become common over time, there are no specific rules defining defensive positions or roles.

The offensive players, however, have several rules that define their position and what role they may take in the offense. Seven offensive players must be lined up on the line of scrimmage. The other four players must be lined up at least one yard behind the line of scrimmage. All of the offensive football players must be set, or still, prior to the play beginning with the exception of one of the four backs which may be moving parallel or away from the line of scrimmage. Further rules say that only the four backs and the players at each end of the line of scrimmage may catch a pass or run the football.

The Football Play

The team with the possession of the football is called the offense. The offense tries to advance the football on plays. The defense tries to prevent the offense from scoring or advancing the football. The down system: The offense must advance the ball at least 10 yards every four plays or downs. Each time the offense is successful in advancing the ball 10 yards, they get four more downs or what is called a "first down". If the offense does not get 10 yards in four plays, the other team gains possession of the football at the current line of scrimmage. In order to keep the other team from getting good field position the offense can punt (kick) the ball to the other team intentionally. This is often done on 4th down, when the offense is outside of field goal range. Offensive plays on downs start with a snap. This is when the center passes the football between their legs to one of the offensive backs (usually the quarterback). The ball is advanced either by running with the football (called rushing) or passing the football. The football play is over when 1) the player with the football is tackled or goes out of bounds 2) an incomplete pass 3) there is a score.

The offensive team can lose possession of the football by:

    Scoring
    Not getting 10 yards in four downs.
    Fumbling or dropping the football and the defensive team recovers it.
    Throwing the football to a defensive player for an interception.
    Punting or kicking the football to the defensive team.
    Missing a field goal.
    Getting tackled in the end zone for a safety.



Football Penalties

There are many rules and penalties that are enforced during a football game. Most football penalties result in a loss or gain of yardage depending on whether the penalty is against the offense or the defense. The severity of the penalty determines the number of yards. Most penalties are 5 or 10 yards, but some personal foul penalties result in 15 yards. Also, pass interference can result in a penalty that matches the length of the intended pass. The team that did not commit the penalty has the right to decline the penalty. We won't list or detail every possible football infraction, but here are some of the more common football penalties:

False Start: When a football player on the offense moves just prior to the snap. This is a five yard penalty. Note that one back on the offense can legally be "in motion" at the time of the snap.

Offside: If a player from the offense or defense is on the wrong side of the line of scrimmage at the time of the snap. A defensive player can cross the line of scrimmage as long as they get back before the snap, but if they touch an offensive player they can be called for encroachment.

Holding: When a player grabs a football player without the ball with the hands or hooks him or tackles him.

Pass Interference: When a defender contacts a pass receiver after the ball is in the air to prevent him from catching the ball. This is up to the referee to determine. If the contact is before the ball is in the air it will be called defensive holding. Note that pass interference can also be called on the offense if the defender has position and is trying to catch the ball.

Facemask: To protect the football players, it is illegal to grab another player's facemask.

Roughing the Passer or Kicker: To protect kickers and quarterbacks, who are very vulnerable when they are passing or kicking the ball, players are not allowed to run into them after the ball has been thrown or kicked.

Intentional Grounding: When the passer throws a pass nowhere near an eligible receiver strictly to avoid being sacked.

Ineligible Receiver Downfield: When one of the offensive players that is not an eligible receiver is more than 5 yards downfield from the line of scrimmage during a forward pass.

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6:25 PM | 0 komentar

All About Football to be known

All you need to know about football (American)

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Game time - Each match lasts 60 minutes, consisting of four 15-minute quarters. If teams are level on points at the end of 60 minutes they go into overtime where the first team to score win.

American Football is one of the world's most popular competitive sports. It is mostly popular in the United States where football is the number one spectator sport. Each year the NFL championship, the Super Bowl, is the most watched events= on TV. College football is also very popular with numerous 100,000 plus stadiums selling out every week.

Football is often called a sport of violence where the football is advanced down a field by runners or by passing until the opposing team tackles or brings the player with the ball to the ground. Points in football are scored by advancing the football beyond the goal line (called a touch down) or kicking the ball through a field goal. The rules of the sport are quite complex and differ depending on the levels of play.

Football-players

Football is a true team sport. Most players specialize in a particular position and skill. With eleven players and defense and offense, many substitutions, as well as special teams, most teams will play at least 30 or 40 players on a regular basis. This makes teamwork and overall team talent more important than the abilities of any single player.

History of American Football

Football is an American sport that was formed in the late 1800's at college campuses. The sport has it's roots in the English game of Rugby. The first college game was played between Rutgers and Princeton.

This early form of football was extremely violent with many players actually dying every year. New rules were established over time and, although football is still a physical sport with many injuries, it is much safer today.

The NFL was formed in 1921 and became the major professional league by the 50's. It has continued to grow in popularity becoming the most watched professional league of any sport in the US.
Teams - Both sides have a squad consisting of 52 players but only 11 can be on the field at any one time for each team. However, there is no limit to substitutions throughout the game. Squads are split up into three units; offence, defence and special teams. A team send their offence onto the field when they have possession, while their rivals send on the defence. Special teams are the units who are on the field for both sides on any kicking play.

Scoring points 
Football scoring can seem complex at first, but really there are only five ways to score points in football:

Field Goal (three points) – Very similar to a penalty kick in rugby. This is normally done on fourth down and if a team are close enough to score.

Touchdown (TD) (six points) – Like a try in rugby, a touchdown is scored when the team get into their opponent's end zone.

Conversion (Extra Point or Two-Point Conversion) (one/two points) – After scoring a touchdown teams can attempt a field goal-type kick for one point or try to pass or run the ball into the end zone for two.

Safety (two points) – A safety occurs if an offensive player is tackled inside his own end zone.

Moving the ball
The ball can be moved down the field by either running, known as 'rushing', or by the quarterback throwing the ball to a team-mate, known as 'passing'. If a defensive player catches the ball instead it is known as an "interception" and his team will then take over from where he is tackled, although he can attempt to score a touchdown himself.

A 'fumble' occurs when an offensive player loses possession of the ball and it is recovered by a defensive player. Just like an interception, the defensive player can attempt to score a touchdown or his team will start their possession from where he is tackled.

Downs - Think about rugby league and how a team have six tackles before they lose possession of the ball. Well, this is pretty similar but in the NFL an offence have four tackles, called 'downs', to move the ball 10 yards. If successful they will then get another set of "downs". You will hear throughout the game the term 'first and 10'. This simply means first 'down' and 10 yards to go. If they, for example, only move the ball four yards that will make it 'second and six' i.e. six yards to go.

If a player is tackled behind the line of scrimmage, the position on the field from which the play has begun, yards are then added to the distance the team must travel i.e. if a player is tackled three yards behind the line on first and 10, the following play will be second and 13. If the quarterback is the player tackled behind the line it is called a 'sack'. Yards can also be added for penalties given against the offensive team.

Fourth down - The fourth "down" is the one players do not want to see. Like rugby league, the NFL is all about possession and control of the field. On fourth down a team will often attempt a field goal to score points, if they are close enough, or punt the ball as far down the field as they can to give the opponents a longer distance to cover to score. They can try to make the distance on fourth down, but if they fail the ball is turned over to the other team from where the play ends.

Timeouts - A timeout is called by either team to stop the clock. Each team have three timeouts per half. The clock is also stopped after an incomplete pass or if the ball carrier runs off the field of play.

Coaches challenge - If a coach believes an official has made an incorrect decision he can throw a red flag to challenge it. If his challenge is successful the original ruling is overturned, but if the challenge is unsuccessful the team lose one timeout.

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6:12 PM | 0 komentar

The 15 practice drills for basketball coaches

The 15 practice drills for basketball coaches

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Offensive Drills

Ball-handling

1 on 2
Divide the court in half lengthwise. Make up groups of three players to do the drill. You should have two groups going at a time. There should be one on each half of the court. Give a ball to each group. One player on each group is on offense and the other two are on defense. The offensive player must reach the other end of the floor, trying to beat both defenders. If a steal or deflection occurs, the offensive player gets the ball back at that spot. At the other end of the floor, the offensive player moves to defense and one of the defensive players goes to offense and they come back. Then let the next groups go.

Speed Drill
This drill must be done on an open court. Have the players ready for the 4 dribbling drills starting at the endline. When the whistle starts, the player/s must dribble starting with either hand then perform the cross-over dribble, between the legs, behind the back dribble and the spin dribble. Each dribble must be performed each step. Meaning if we have 4 kinds of dribble, the player must accomplish all 4 dribbles at four steps. After they accomplish the 4 dribbles, they already accomplish 4 steps at the same time...

Dribble Attack
At the half court circle place the first 5 or 6 players, each with a ball, they start to dribble within the circle trying to maintain their dribble while attacking the other players within the circle trying to knock their ball away. If a player loses his dribble/stops his dribble or is out of the circle, he then leaves the circle and passes to the next player in line. This teaches them to keep their heads up, use their peripheral vision, protect the ball and maintain their control upon contact, switch hands and keep calm upon pressure.

Cross-over and Spin
This is a combination of a crossover and a spin dribble. Dribble hard to the first cone and as you approach the cone, plant your outside foot and change direction using a low crossover dribble on this quickly plant your inside foot and execute a spin dribble. It is easily taught when the spin is done with the right hand, which is the dominating/ strong hand of most of the players. So you start you dribble with your left hand, do a crossover with your left hand and a spin dribble with your right. Continue till the last cone then finish it with a lay-up shot.


Passing Drills

2 on 8 Press
Players should get a partner - try to have a forward and a guard in each group. The first two will attempt to inbound the ball on the baseline. The other eight players (4 groups of 2) will play defense in the following areas: 2 from the baseline to the foul line extended (denying inbound pass). 2 from the foul line extended to half court. 2 from half court to the foul line extended at the far end of the court. 2 from the foul line extended to the basket at the far end of the court. INSTRUCTIONS: Partners attempt to move the ball all the way up the court to score at the opposite basket. Each group of 2 defenders plays man to man once the ballhandlers reach their area. Once the ballhandlers leave the previous area, those defenders drop out. Defenders should look to double team the ball whenever possible.

Team Post Drill
Players start at the wing and post positions on each side of the key while the other players line up in two groups at the top of the key. The first player in each line has a ball. The first player in each line passes to the wing player, using a chest pass. The wing player on each side passes to the post player, using a bounce or lob pass. The post player on each side pivots and throws an outlet pass to the first player in the opposite line. The first player in the line moves to the wing, the wing moves to the post, and the post moves to the end of the opposite line (everyone follows their own pass).


Passing and Scoring under Pressure
Player 1 has the ball and stands under the basket. Player 2 and player 3 stand on each side of the baseline. Player 1 throws the ball off the backboard and makes an aggressive rebound. As soon as player 1 grabs the ball, player 2 and player 3 sprint to the outlet areas. Player 1 then throws an outlet pass to either player 2 or player 3. Player 1, player 2, and player 3 now stay in their lanes and pass the ball up the court by passing the ball from sideline to middle to sideline and back. The first pass received by either player 2 or player 3 beyond the half court line is taken on the dribble to the basket for a layup. The player on the opposite side of the player making the layup hustles and contests the layup. Player 1 rebounds the shot and the drill is repeated.


Monkey in The Middle
Player 1 and player 2 stand 3-4 meters apart. Player 1 has the ball. Player 3 is the defensive player, and stands between players 1 and 2. Player 3 guards player 1 and tries to deflect the pass from player 1 to player 2. Player 1 works on ball fakes and steps through the defense to make the pass. When player 2 receives the ball, player 3 hustles over to contest player 2's pass to player 1. Player 2 must wait until player 3 is on him before he attempts a pass. Player 3 stays in the middle and defends both passes until he gets three deflections. Players rotate so that all three defend the passes.


Shooting

Side Step
Start at the top of the key and sidestep down to the base line, outide of the 3 point line. When you get to the baseline, sidestep back to the top of the key then sidestep to the opposite base line. When you get warmed up have some one pass you the ball as your keep sidestepping from baseline to baseline. Where ever you get the ball, shoot it. Have the person keep getting the rebounds and passing them to you. This basketball shooting drill is also good for three-point contests.


Shoot under Pressure
Start with two players; one with a basketball under the basket, and one in his shooting range. Player 1 (with the ball) makes a pass to player 2, and charges at the player to defend against the shot. Player 2 must catch the ball in proper shooting position, square to the basket, focus on the rim, and shoot the jump shot. Player 1 may not try to block the shot; instead, he may distract the shooter by yelling or waving his hands. After the shot is released, Player 1 must block out Player 2 until the ball hits the floor. Players rotate from offense to defense on each shot. Allow each player to take 5 shots from spots on the floor that they will shoot from in a game.

Pivot Shot
The passer has the ball and stands on the perimeter. Player 2 stands outside of the three-second area. Player 1 is the defensive player and stands between player 2 and the baseline. The other players form a line behind player 3 behind the baseline. Player 2 posts up, raises his ballside hand, and receives the ball. He pivots on his outside foot away from player 1, squares up, and shoots a jump shot. If player 1 moves in front of player 2, player 2 steps to his non-pivot foot, sealing off player 1, and then makes a power layup to the basket.


Screening

Pass and Screen
Have the players line up in two lines about 25 feet apart. The first player in one of the lines will always be in the middle. He will pass the ball, and screen the opposite line. Once that player (to whom he passed it) receives the ball, he passes to the man the first player screened. Then it starts over.

Get Open
Have the players form three lines. Two of the lines will be right next to one another. The other line will be twenty feet directly ahead. The first line will be offense. He will have the ball. The second line will play defense. The player with the ball will lead the defense straight to the other player who will set a solid pick. Then the process starts over.


Rebounding

Shoot and Run
Have two lines at about the corners of the free throw line or three-point line. The line with the ball will shoot, then run and box out the player from line 2. Whoever gets the ball passes back to the shooting line.


Second Shot
Have 4 offensive players and 4 defensive player’s setup for a half court game. Coach takes a shot. Object is for offense to keep rebounding until they make a shot. Once the defense gets it, the teams switch roles.

Defensive Drills

Footwork

Whistle Drill
The player(s) line up and get in a defensive stance. The coach/friend blows the whistle. They then begin to defensive slide to the right. When the whistle is blown again they slide the other way. They continue this until the coach stops.

Slide Drill
Each player has a basketball. They start at one side of the lane and slide to the next side while tapping the basketball from one hand to the next. The basketball never comes off the floor (rolling ball from hand to hand). Tell players to bend at knees not at the waste. This will get them to stay down.

1 on 1
Have sets of two players guard one another. No dribbling is aloud. The focus is footwork and stance. The player with the ball can only fake and jab and pivot.

Recovery/ Getting Back

2 on 1 Fast break
The drill starts with 1 player on the foul line, one on the baseline, and two in the paint. A coach or manager will throw the ball off the glass.

Once one of the two players in the paint has control, the player on the foul line sprints back the opposite lane and faces the offense. The two players in the paint go on a 2 on 1 fast break. The player on the baseline follows the play to the top of the key and will become the defensive player going the opposite direction. Once the offense shoots, or the defense makes a stop, then first defensive player and the offensive player who first handled the ball go on a 2 on 1 fast break the other way, while the player who followed the play sprints back on defense once they have secured the ball.

This defensive basketball drill goes 4 trips up and down the floor, as each player in the drill ends up as the defensive player once.

Run Find Defend Steal
Place a ball at about ¾ length of the court. Start with player underneath the basket facing the wall, or basket on opposite side. On coach's cue, player sprints to first suicide line, then back peddles identifying man to next suicide line, then slides as if guarding man all the way to ball. When player reaches ball, coach or player yells "Steal" and grabs ball and goes for a full sprint lay-up. Next person goes.


Rebounding

2 Man Rebounding Drill
Two players begin on either end of the foul line (the elbows). Standing opposite those on the baseline are another two players. One of the players on the baseline has a ball and passes out from under the basket to either player on the foul line. The player on the foul line will catch and shoot the ball. As soon as the player on the baseline passes out he will run out his opposite player on the foul line. He knows that he will shoot the ball immediately so he is aiming to get to the player and prevent him from rebounding the ball (i.e. block him out). As soon as the shot is taken the players on the foul line will contest the rebound. If the players who started on the baseline have done their job they should have blocked out the two players on the foul line and rebounded the ball. If they have done this they then pivot away from the basket and make a quick outlet pass to a coach standing there - with the emphasis on a quick pivot and pass to initiate any fast break opportunities. If they have not done their job and the players on the foul line get possession they simply try to score in a two on two situations.

3 on 2 Blockout
The Coach stands under basket with ball in hand while 3 players on offense stand at wings and top of key. 2 defensive players stand facing offense on the blocks. Coach passes the ball to one of the offensive players. The two defensive players are not allowed to look at coach. They have to box out the two non shooters. Shooter does not go for the rebound.



1 on 1 Outlet Passing
One line is behind top of the key. Two players are in each outlet spot, free-throw line extended. One defensive player is in the lane. Player number 2 in the line takes a shot on the basket. The first player in the line tries to grab the offensive rebound while the player in the lane tries to box him out. After taking the rebound the defensive rebounder passes an outlet pass to the same side the rebound was taken. The outlet player passes the ball to the second player in the line who now takes a shot and the drill moves on. After going to offensive rebound, players rotate to the same outlet spots as the outlet pass was made to. The players from the outlet spots rotate behind the line after making the pass to the second man in the line. If offensive player does not get the rebound he should press the rebounder when he's making the outlet pass. The number of rebounds each player has to collect can depend on the player's size and strength.

Outlet with Pressure
Have four rebounders under one basket. Have two other players positioned on either side of the basket ready for an outlet pass. Coach will take shot and create rebound; four players under basket will box-out and rebound.

Player who gets rebound should immediately get out of pressure from other three rebounders by either smart dribbling--then passing, pivoting--and then passing, or a straight pass to one of the outlet players. The other three players who do not get the rebound should swarm the successful rebounder and make it difficult with out fouling



Perimeter D

Guard denial
Have one player hold the ball in the paint. Three offensive players will stay outside 3-point line. Three defenders will try to stop the pass to them. The object is to defend the perimeter.

Watch the Wings
Setup three offensive players and three defenders. The point guard cannot dribble. He must pass to one of the wings. The object is for the defense to hold the offense to less than five passes in a 45 second period.
Post D


TWO MAN GAME
This basketball drill teaches players how to double-team a post entry pass in a man to man defense. It is also valuable in teaching guards to move without the ball, post entry passes, closing out on a perimeter shooter, working on post moves, and teaching post players how to react to a double team. Split your team up into post players and perimeter players. Rotate new players into drill after the defense makes a stop or gets a rebound. New players come in on offense. Offense to defense and defense out. Have an offensive player post-up on the block with the defense playing behind him. Start the ball with the offensive perimeter player at the wing. The defensive perimeter player pressures the ball. The man with the ball must get the ball into the post or shoot a jump shot. (NO DRIVES!) If the pass goes in to the post, the defensive perimeter player doubles down on the post and tries to steal the ball if he puts it on the floor. At this time the offensive perimeter player should slide to a new location and spot up for a three-point attempt. If the double-team is late the post should try to score. Otherwise he passes back out for an open jump shot.


Deny the post
The three perimeter players pass the ball around, trying to get it to the offensive post player. They may not throw a lob pass, as there is no help side defense in the post. The offensive low post player stays stationary until the ball is passed among the perimeter players. The defensive player works on denying the pass into the post by maintaining a fronting position and reacting quickly to where the ball is passed on the perimeter. The coach should set up players according to height and position so that there are no distinct mismatches.

Deny the Big Man
This is designed for guarding a team with an exceptional big man. Setup the players in a five on five half-court game. The Defense should be in 2-1-2. The object is to deny the center any passes or shots. Every time the big man scores can be a lap for the defense to run.


Fast Break Drills

What Is It
Have 2 teams of 5 players each, one team at half-court out of bounds and the other team under the opposite basket. The team at half-court is the defensive team and will play against the team under the basket. The coach will gather the defense together and tell them what defense to play, without the offensive team hearing. He then walks to the offensive team and tosses them the ball and they start a fast break. When the defense sees the offense fast breaking, they run to their defensive positions and play goes on until there is a score or defense gets the ball.

UNLV
Divide into three teams of 3 or 4 players. Two teams begin on defense on opposite sides of the court. The defenders will have 2 players in the key (one at top and one at bottom), the other defender will be at half court (just out of bounds) waiting for the ball to cross half court towards his teammates. Play begins with 3 players on offense ready to attack the defense, on either a primary or secondary break. When the ball crosses half court, the one defender that is out of bounds runs to center court and then races to help his two teammates defending the basket (3 on 2 turns into a 3 on 3). For the offense to score points they must offensive rebound (2 points) or make a basket (1 point), and (1 point for getting fouled), and they loose a point for a turnover (coaches discretion). If the offense scores they begin the next break towards the other end of the court. If the defense causes a turnover, or get a defensive board or knocks the ball out of bounds, they take off towards the other end of the court to take on the other defense, and the defeated team readies themselves to play defense by sending one person to the center line extended and the other 2 players line up in the key to stop the next offense to attack them.


Triangle Transition
You will start with 3 players under the goal in defensive position. You will have 3 other players under the goal in offensive position. You or your manager will have a ball. You will place 2 guards on the outside in outlet pass position. When the ball is shot the defense has to block out to keep the 3 offensive players from getting the rebound. If for some reason there is an offensive rebound then defense has to play the ball until basket is scored or they secure the rebound. Once the defense gets the rebound or a basket is scored they must get it to their outlet pass person. The drill will continue down the court where the 5 players (2 outlet and 3 that was on rebound) will run their fast break or any other play that may have been called. Once they have put the ball through the goal on the other end they will come back up the court where the drill started and play against 5 defensive players who have stepped up to pick them up.


The Rabbit
The twelve players are divided into four teams of three. Only two teams work at a time. One team takes places at the baseline, with one player in the corner, one under the basket and the last one in the opposite corner. The opponent team faces the previous three taking places opposite them at the extension of the foul line. The team standing at the baseline is the offensive team and the team at the extension of the foul line the defensive team. Each player from the defensive team gets a number. The first player opposite the corner is '1', the next one is '2' and the last one is '3'. In the offensive team the player under the basket has a ball to start. The drill begins with the coach shouting out loud a number between 1 and 3. The player whose number has been shouted must run to the baseline, touch it and then return to the other side of the court and try to play defense. The offensive team tries to run and score before the defense recovers.


1 VS 2-2 VS 1
The players assume a basic three lines drills position on the baseline. The central line one with the ball (offensive player) and those lateral without the ball (defensive players). On the coach's signal the first player with the ball (central line) dribbles the length of the court for a lay-up at the opposite basket. On a second signal from the coach (two or three seconds later), the first player from each of the two lateral lines sprints to stop the ball. After a make or a missed shot the two defenders immediately become offensive players, and the former offensive player sprints back to become the defender in a 2 on 1 defensive situation. After a score the two former defenders must inbound the ball under the basket they have defended.


Fast-break
Start with players in each of the four outlet positions, two players playing defense in each key, and three players at half court (with one ball). The three players at half court go 3 on 2 at either end of the court. Then a shot is taken all five players fight for the rebound. Whoever gets the rebound makes an outlet pass to whichever outlet is closer. The outlet who gets the ball dribbles to the middle of the court, the player who made the pass fills the lane on the side the pass was made to, the other lane is filled by the player in the other outlet position. These three players now have a 3 on 2 going the other way. The four players who did not get the rebound go to one of the open positions, 2 go to the outlet position and 2 play defense. The same happens at the other end of the court and so on.


2 vs 2 Killer
2 players in each corner, first player on each side are one team. Coach has a ball in the middle of the court. Coach starts drill with call ('GO') and throws ball on the ground. Players sprint and hustle for the ball, the 2 that get the ball are on offense 2 vs. 2 until one team scores. The team that scores goes to the corner on the side where they score. The 'losers' sprint to the other corner. Next 4 players start.


Three-Man Conversion
Get three lines of players. 1's and 2's in the middle and 3's-5's in the other two lines. They pass back and forth all the way down. The person in the middle alternates who they are passing it to. As they are going down the court passing they are saying the name that they are passing it to. When the two outside guys get to the opposite free throw line they break to the basket for a lay-up or an alley-oop dunk but it must be finished. After the basket is made it is the same thing down to the other end.


15 Man Press Break
You have 3 teams of 5 players. Team A, B, C. Team A is pressing. Team B is in press offense. Team C is at half court waiting for ANY change of possession so they can come on pressing. If you score, you stay on offense and take the ball out going in press offense. Team on the sideline comes in pressing. You get 3 points for breaking a press and 5 points for stopping the offense.


Foul-Shot Break
Players start in their normal defensive foul shot locations. Your point guard will be at half court and will break on the make to (in this case) the right side of the floor. Your 5 man takes the ball out of bounds as quickly as possible. Your 4 man will trail down the center of the court. Your 3 man will fill the left lane. Your 2 man will break to the hash mark waiting for the pass from the five. The 2 man looks to pass to the one to continue the break or dribbles hard to the center of the court. We run this first without defense then add the defense. You can also tell your three point shooters to spot up. This will also allow you get into your offense quickly.

Combo Drills

Control the Break
First bounce the ball off the backboard opposite of wear you are going to shoot. Run as fast as possibly down court and either shoot a jumper or drive for a transitional lay-up. Follow up your jumper whether made or missed put it back in the hole and shoots one free-throw. Same goes for the lay-up. Have a team of 2-5 defend the break.


3 on 2 Fast-break
Begin by placing 2 players at the other end of the court, one at the free throw line and one in the paint. Have 3 players in the other end of the court, one in the middle with the ball and the two others running the wings, they run a fast break attempting to score, with a maximum of two/three passes, against the defense.

Once the SHOT goes up, the player who shot the ball retreats to defend while the previous 2 defenders run a 2 on 1 fast break the other way, with a maximum of 1 pass.


Two Man Game
This basketball drill teaches players how to double-team a post entry pass in a man to man defense. It is also valuable in teaching guards to move without the ball, post entry passes, closing out on a perimeter shooter, working on post moves, and teaching post players how to react to a double team. Split your team up into post players and perimeter players. Rotate new players into drill after the defense makes a stop or gets a rebound. New players come in on offense. Offense to defense and defense out. Have an offensive player post-up on the block with the defense playing behind him. Start the ball with the offensive perimeter player at the wing. The defensive perimeter player pressures the ball. The man with the ball must get the ball into the post or shoot a jump shot. (NO DRIVES!) If the pass goes in to the post, the defensive perimeter player doubles down on the post and tries to steal the ball if he puts it on the floor. At this time the offensive perimeter player should slide to a new location and spot up for a three-point attempt. If the double-team is late the post should try to score. Otherwise he passes back out for an open jump shot.


Jump Sprint Shoot Pass
2 players make 6 passes off backboard while jumping off both legs, sprint to the opposite baseline, cut hard at 45' angle to the baseline, receive a pass and shoot. Players follow their shots, rebound the ball, dribble up to their side of the top of the key and pass the ball to next 2 players. Maintain continuity.


Be hard to Guard
On offense, be hard to guard. Drill teaches players to cut, move and spread the floor to assure clean passing lanes, open shots and ball movement to break down defenses. Also teaches defenses to steal, rotate and stay with there man.

5 on 5 Offense vs Defense.
Set up a 1-2-2 offense. Only One point guard can dribble and only from above foul line end side line to side line. Team must make 10 passes in a row with all offensive players touching the ball at least once and cannot hold the ball more than 3 seconds. 10 completions awards the offense 1 pt. Any steal or jump ball awards the defense 1 point. You can have defense play man or zone.


3 On 3 On 3
Basic 3 on 3 with several twists. Winners stay, losers rotate out. Offense can get a point only by scoring. Defense can get a point by all three players boxing out and obtaining rebound. However, we don't rotate a new team in on a defensive point. Additionally, we will sit a team that fails to call a screen, fails to box out, fails to talk on defense generally, argues a call, etc. An offensive team will rotate out if players away from the ball fail to screen away or screen and roll. If you don't have the ball you must either screen on the ball, screen away, or post up. 3 on 3. Play to 5, 10, or 15 points. First team to score a basket stays as winners. Losers rotate out. Offense gets a point for a basket. Defense gets a point if all three players box out and defense gets rebound. Defense gets 4 points for a five-second call after loss of dribble with good denial everywhere. If offensive players fail to screen and roll or screen away they sit. Defense sits if fail to talk on defense, box out etc.


Alabama Rebound Drill
Line one player (player A) up on either wing. Place two players on the opposite block. One of these players will be the offensive player (B) and the other the defensive player (C). Player A begins the basketball drill by shooting the ball or just throwing it up off of the backboard so that it goes over to the side where B and C are. Player C will not try to rebound at all. Player B goes up high for the rebound and must come down with it, he can not tip it in. Once he hits the floor player C does anything in his power to keep him from scoring.

Chase Drill
Player A is at the foul line. Player B is at the block on either side of the lane. Player A shoots the ball and remains at the foul line. Player B grabs the rebound and, whether the shot is made or not, takes the ball out of bounds and gives a good chest pass to player A at the foul line. Player A then dribbles quickly to the far basket with player B giving chase. Player B tries to beat player A down court and either establish defensive position or tip the ball as player A drives for the lay-up. The players switch places at the far basket and run the drill back up court. Players should try not to foul.

10 Drill
You have 10 players, 5 on offense 5 on defense. You can play whatever defense you wish to play, we alternate between man-to-man and 2-3 zone. The offensive team always gets the ball. Offense gets 1 point per basket, 4 points for an offensive rebound, 2 points for an uncontested lay up or shot inside 15 ft. The drill is run at half court. The defense gets 1 point for a rebound, 4 points for taking a charge and 2 points for a steal or if the offense turns the ball over. You play to 10 points the loser has to run, we run killer drills for the loser. After the first round we switch, the offense goes to defense and the defense to offense. You can also run the drill with 15 players and rotate a team of 5 out after a round. This basketball drill is excellent for defensive rebounding as it is a major penalty to give up an offensive rebound. It is an excellent drill.

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6:05 AM | 0 komentar

The 10 Common Basketball Rebounding Mistakes

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Rebounding requires a strong mentality and there is NO room for timid players under the hoop.

1. NOT BEING AGGRESSIVE IN PURSUIT OF THE BALL
One of the worst mistakes that a player can make is to NOT be aggressive in pursuit of the rebound. If a player isn’t willing to be relentless and give 110% EVERY time a shot is made, he or she will not be very effective on the boards.

Rebounding requires a strong mentality and there is NO room for timid players under the hoop.

2. STAYING BOXED OUT
It’s not a mistake for players to find themselves boxed out by an opponent, but it is a mistake to STAY boxed out. When fighting for the rebound on either end of the court, players MUST fight for the inside position against their opponent.

On offense, players should continually MOVE to get the inside position and avoid staying boxed out.

On defense, every move that a player makes should be a countermove to that of his or her opponent.

3. NOT MAKING CONTACT WITH THE OPPONENT
When going for the basketball rebound on either end of the court, it’s important for players to make contact with the opponent that they are guarding. Once the ball is released from the shooter’s fingertips, players should find their man, make contact to slow or block their path to the ball, and then go for the rebound.

4. NOT KEEPING HANDS UP
It’s important for players to remember to keep their hands UP when boxing out and going for the rebound. By having their hands up and elbows out, players are able to block the passing lane of opponents and more effectively gain the inside position for the rebound.

Check out these basketball rebounding drills to learn more about timing and getting hands up.

5. NOT MAINTAINING A STRONG BASE
By having a solid foundation, with feet spread shoulder-width apart, players risk getting pushed out of position for the rebound and possibly, the loss of the ball. Players  should also be reminded to keep their knees bent, which not only helps to maintain a strong base, but also allows them to either pivot, dribble, or pass the ball once it is rebounded.
The rebound should always be grabbed with TWO hands.

6. GRABBING THE REBOUND WITH ONE HAND
Grabbing the ball with one hand increases the chance that the ball will be stolen after the rebound. For maximum ball protection, the rebound should always be grabbed with TWO hands, using the finger pads and NOT the palms.

7. STOPPING BETWEEN JUMPS IN AN EFFORT TO JUMP HIGHER
In an attempt to jump higher, many players bend deep at the knees between jumps; but this is WRONG. Instead of pausing, players should imagine jumping on a tight trampoline, making sure that they land on their toes and go back into the air EXPLOSIVELY.

8. WATCHING THE FLIGHT OF THE BALL ON DEFENSE
When playing defense, players should remember to watch the opponent that they are assigned to guard when a shot is attempted, and NOT the flight of the ball.

The opposing offensive player will react to the flight pattern of the ball. By countering the offensive player’s movements, the defensive player is also reacting to the ball.
The player that jumps often will usually get the ball over the player that can jump higher.
The player that jumps often will usually get the ball over the player that can jump higher.

9. TRYING TO JUMP HIGH RATHER THAN JUMPING OFTEN
GREAT rebounders understand that size doesn’t matter. When it comes to rebounding, the player that jumps often will usually get the ball over the player that can jump higher.

Most rebounds aren’t made on the first attempt; it takes persistence and drive for players to be able to CONTINUOUSLY go after the ball.

In order to be able to withstand this hard pursuit, players must adopt a rigorous strength and conditioning regimen that develops strong leg muscles and endurance.

10. NOT PROTECTING THE BALL AFTER THE REBOUND
After working so hard to get the rebound, the last thing that any coach or player wants to see is an opponent steal the ball and make an easy, high percentage shot.

Protecting the ball is critical to your team’s basketball rebounding success. After the rebound, players should be reminded to chin the ball, bring it close to their bodies and keep their elbows pointed outward, with the ball above the waistline.

Knees should stay bent, allowing players to either dribble, pivot, or make an outlet pass.

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6:26 AM | 0 komentar

How to Play Basketball as a Team Player

How to Play Basketball as a Team Player

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This article will focus on things you need to do to learn how to play basketball as a team player. A team player may be a concept hard to imagine in this day in time. I see so much emphasis on scoring points and players worried about what they did as opposed to how they helped their team. I am an experienced junior high school basketball coach and my AAU team is considered to be one of the better teams in our age group across the state of Louisiana. Getting young players to learn how to play team basketball is one of the most important things I have to do in order to have success and get wins. Let’s take a look at some of these things here in more detail.

Play Basketball as a Team Player
My son #33 and his teammate work together to deny this post player a good shot.
My son #33 and his teammate work together to deny this post player a good shot.
Star Player Wants His Points

One of the problems I encountered this year in school ball was that one of the better players from my AAU team decided that he needed to do it all himself in school ball this season. He was taking lots of bad shots and his shooting percentage was low. I noticed that he was trying to do too much and that it looked like he did not have confidence in his teammates. I also noticed that he was bragging about how many points he scored. This was not good. I first had to make him realize that he could not do it all by himself and that he needed to trust his teammates. I also told all the guys that I did not want to hear anyone bragging about how many points they had scored. It seemed to finally seek in as this player really began to focus on passing the ball more and it made a big difference for the team. Young players, I can assure you that your coaches will notice you more if you make regular good passes and will be very happy to leave you out on the court. Your coach does not want you on the court just to jack up bad shots even if you are fortunate to make a few of them every once in awhile. If you are a great player, your points will come to you through the course of the game. If your team needs your scoring to be successful then that is just fine. Don’t force things, let the game come to you and it will happen. Even Kobe Bryant has to be careful not to try to do it all himself for the Los Angeles Lakers. He has to make sure his big guys like Dwight Howard get their looks and their touches to get their confidence up to help the team. If Kobe worried about scoring over 40 points every night, I think he would be the first to agree that his team will not be very successful. Let the game come to you and take good shots and trust your teammates. Take pride in a good pass as much or more than a made basket and you are well on your way learning how to play basketball as a team player.

The Art of the Assist

I just mentioned above how great it was to see one of my players start passing the ball and making assists on a more regular basis. There have been some great players in the NBA that really knew how to distribute the ball to their teammates. Some of the greatest passers in the NBA were players like John Stockton, Magic Johnson and even a big man like Shaquille O’Neal was a great passer. These guys knew that their teammates were counting on them to be great teammates and distribute the ball and lead the offense. Guys still playing today are guys like the old man of the NBA, Jason Kidd and even the younger Rajon Rando are great passers and great team basketball players. Remember, just because you are a ball hog out on the playground with your friends does not mean that sort of play will transfer over well onto the court at school or for your AAU team

Hustle and Encourage Your Teammates

What if you are not the best player on your team but an important role player? You can certainly be a team player in this situation. One thing you could do is to make sure that you are giving your very best effort when you are on the court. Are you hustling and giving all your effort? Are you dogging it and not hustling back on defense? Are your teammates having to pick up the slack for you defensively? If so, these things would not be considered being a good team basketball player. Are you criticizing your teammates when they make a mistake? If you are, put yourself in their shoes. Do you think they want to hear that from you? More than likely they are going to get an earful already from the coach. You need to be encouraging your teammates and lifting them up, not tearing them down when they mess up. I really feel that this is a very important part of learning how to play as a team player in the sport of basketball. Wouldn’t you want your teammates to look up to you or appreciate your words of encouragement? Keep your cool on the court too. Do you think getting technical fouls are going to help your team? No indeed, they will hurt your team and maybe even cause them to lose. Keep your cool on the court and keep your mouth shut and be respectful of the referees.
It’s the Little Things...

Our girls basketball coach here at my school has been coaching here for about 15 years. Currently, her 8th grade team is working on an undefeated season. It is interesting to note that her motto on her team tee shirts that the girls wear says, “It’s the little things.” What this coach is trying to stress that little things like being prepared for practice, taking care of your schoolwork, setting good picks, making good passes, hustling are all things that may seem little but all contribute and add up to having a successful basketball team and being a team player for your team.
Steve Nash can "dish the rock."

Steve Nash is another example of a great team player. He started his career playing with the Dallas Mavericks. He then moved on to the Phoenix Suns where this little point guard originally from Canada was good enough to earn two consecutive NBA Most Valuable Player Awards. Nash is now a member of the Los Angeles Lakers. Steve Nash is most notably known for his great ability to lead his team as a floor general and make great passes to his teammates to help his team score. Steve Nash is a great example of how to be a good team player in basketball.
Source: http://www.classifiedmom.com/2012/01/adventures-in...

There’s No I in Team

This is an old cliche but still rings true. There are five players on the basketball court from one team at a time and all players should do their part to make a team be successful. If you learn how to play basketball as a team player for your team then you are doing all you can to help your team succeed. Your teammates will notice the things you do and so will your coach. He will be happy to have you on the team and will appreciate what you do for the team whether or not he tells you this. It is essential for all young basketball players regardless of skill level to appreciate this concept and learn how to play basketball as a team player. Good luck on your team and thanks for taking the time to read this article. I hope you found it helpful in learning to be a good team player in basketball.

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5:53 AM | 0 komentar